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Thaddeus S. C. Lowe
| Thaddeus S. C. Lowe | |
 Thaddeus Lowe, ca. 1890 | |
| Born | August 20, 1835 Jefferson Mills, Coos County, New Hampshire, U.S. |
|---|---|
| Died | January 16, 1913 Pasadena, California |
| Residence | Hoboken, NJ; Philadelphia, PA; Norristown, PA; Pasadena, CA. |
| Nationality | U.S. citizen. |
| Fields | Chemistry, Aeronautics, Meteorology |
| Institutions | Founder, Union Army Balloon Corps 1861 - 1863. |
| Doctoral advisor | Prof. Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institution |
| Known for | Aeronautics; Civil War Ballooning; Water Gas development; Mount Lowe Railway, Pasadena, CA. |
| Notable awards | Elliot Cresson Grand Medal of Honor (Benjamin Franklin Institute of Sciences, Philadelphia) |
| Religious stance | Descendant of New Hampshire Pilgrim stock |
Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe (August 20, 1831 - January 16, 1913), also known as Professor T. S. C. Lowe, was an American Civil War aeronaut, scientist and inventor. Lowe lived a life that was full of claims to fame. Despite being born of poor pioneer farming stock, Lowe showed an interest in meteorology with his intent study of the winds and cloud movements. He particularly recognized the strong easterly, high altitude wind which gave him a notion of flying in it. As an older teenager Lowe became fascinated with the properties of lighter-than-air gases, in particular, hydrogen. By age 21 he took up aviation, which at the time was piloting balloons. Between his chemistry lecturing and giving balloon rides he was able to put enough money together for a formal education thus furthering his studies in chemistry, meteorology, and aviation. By the late 1850s he was well known for his advanced theories in the meteorological sciences as well as his balloon building. Among his aspirations were plans for a transatlantic flight.
Lowe's scientific endeavors were cut short by the onset of the American Civil War. He recognized his patriotic duty in offering his services as an aeronaut for the purposes of performing aerial reconnaissance on the Confederate troops on behalf of the Union Army. In July 1861 Lowe was appointed Chief Aeronaut of the Union Army Balloon Corps by President Abraham Lincoln. Though his work was generally successful, it was not fully appreciated by all members of the military, and disputes over his operations and pay scale forced him to resign in 1863. Lowe returned to the private sector and continued his scientific exploration of hydrogen gas manufacturing. He invented the water gas process by which large amounts of hydrogen gas could be produced from steam and charcoal. His inventions and patents on this process and ice making machines made him a millionaire.
In 1887 he moved to Los Angeles, California, and eventually built a 24,000 sq. ft. (2,230 m2) home in Pasadena. He opened several ice making plants and founded Citizen's Bank of Los Angeles. Lowe was introduced to David J. Macpherson, a civil engineer, who had drawn up plans for a scenic mountain railroad. In 1891 they incorporated the Pasadena & Mount Wilson Railroad Co. and began the construction of what would become the Mount Lowe Railway into the hills above Altadena. The railway opened on July 4, 1893 and was met with quick interest and success. Lowe continued construction toward Oak Mountain, renamed Mount Lowe, at an exhaustive rate, both physically and financially. By 1899 Lowe had gone into receivership and eventually lost the railway to Jared S. Torrance. Lowe's fortunes had been all but lost, and he lived out his remaining days at his daughter's home in Pasadena where he died at age 81.
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